Monday, 29 October 2018

601 Project Proposal

Project Proposal How do creatives shape our vision of artificial intelligence?  
My project will focus on how illustration has shaped our perception and understanding of present day and future artificial intelligence. How has illustration influenced future design of technology once the technology catches up? More specifically I will focus on the advancement of artificial general intelligence - AGI programmes that have the ability to learn through reinforcement learning similar to a human brain’s neurological network.
    These AGI programme’s have the potential to become not just as intelligent as humans but perhaps astronomically more intelligent and intuitive than us. Without a thoughtful social and political global debate a possible intelligence explosion or ‘singularity’ means we may lose control of an ever accelerating AGI intelligence with it’s own intuition and ruthless objectives that lets nothing get in it’s way, including humans.   
    I will explore how illustrators interpret AI and AGI. Illustrators have a huge influence on how the creative industries shape their vision of AI. Film and TV programmes such as Star Trek, Star Wars and Blade Runner have a deep rooted influence on how designers find inspiration and create new devices for consumers and industry. Films and TV programmes featuring future AI can often become dated (payphones in Blade Runner(1982)) or go on to be timeless such as Kubrick’s 2001: A Space Odyssey(1968).  
    How does contemporary illustration portray artificial intelligence to lay audiences? Magazines and newspapers often use a cliched artistic interpretation of a terminator like robot with red eyes to accompany serious articles about breakthroughs in AI. How responsible are illustrators in communicating the complex and varied advances in AI? Many illustrators will use a humanoid type robot as way of explaining how AI programmes are becoming as good as humans at certain tasks. The truth however is more subtle - why would an AI programme need to evolve to look and move like a human?
I will create a series of conceptual illustrations for chosen articles about recent advances in AGI and AI as well as making concept art based on what future technologies are predicted now.
Some of the themes I will explore will be how we humanise AI technology in film and illustration. Do we see ourselves as the pinnacle of intelligence in the universe? Do we visualise AI technology simply as an extension of our human flaws and emotions?
I will research how illustration has explored these themes and questions about AI in the past and how we visualise AI now to inform my own work. My work will be context and concept driven based on extensive research.
As an outcome I want to see how my own view of the world shapes my vision of AI and future technologies. Will I feel a responsibility to be as impartial as possible given it’s such an unpredictable subject? The subject of how positive AI will be for humans is a divided one, often only the extreme versions of utopia and dystopia being shown for entertainment purposes. My own level of pessimism and positivity will no doubt unconsciously influence my outcomes.

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Thursday, 25 October 2018

601 Artificial intelligence illustration

Harriet Lee-Merrion new scientist
Patryk Hardziej new scientist
Illustration by Harry Campbell
Two imaginary celebrities that were dreamed up by a random number generator.
Modern advances in computers have taken artificial intelligence to stunning new levels. If computers can learn and think better than we can, will that threaten our humanity?


Should Artificial Intelligence Copy the Human Brain?

The biggest breakthrough in AI, deep learning, has hit a wall, and a debate is raging about how to get to the next level


When and how should robots reject human commands for our own sake?
Bruno Mangyoku
Blade Runner 2049 misses rise of creative artificial intelligence
Could you love a robot?


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Wednesday, 17 October 2018

601 - 10 Quotes 10 Images

Essay Chapter 2

Quotes

Artificial Intelligence (2001)
'If a robot could genuinely love a person, what responsibility does that person hold toward that Mecha in return? It's a moral question, isn't it?'

https://www.sciencealert.com/google-deep-mind-has-learned-to-become-highly-aggressive-in-stressful-situations

https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/aug/13/new-artificial-intelligence-tool-can-detect-eye-problems-as-well-as-experts
Artificial intelligence tool 'as good as experts' at detecting eye problems 

“Artificial intelligence is showing the potential to transform the speed at which diseases can be diagnosed and treatments suggested, making the best use of the limited time of clinicians.”

https://futurism.com/a-new-ai-can-write-music-as-well-as-a-human-composer
A New AI Can Write Music as Well as a Human Composer
'reinforcement learning does not require labelled inputs and outputs of data. This allows the AI to “find its own way” around the data and improve its performance without being given any explicit instructions, which makes it easier to capture the diversity and variation found in creative arts like music.'

 https://medium.com/point-nine-news/what-does-alphago-vs-8dadec65aaf
What does AlphaGo vs Lee Sedol tell us about the interaction between humans and intelligent systems?
In game 2, AlphaGo’s 19th move or move 37 of the whole game appeared like “creative” to the commentators. As DeepMind mentions on their blog, move 37 was “so surprising they overturned hundreds of years of received wisdom”.

https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2017/10/alphago-zero-the-ai-that-taught-itself-go/543450/
The AI That Has Nothing to Learn From Humans
“There’s some inhuman element in the way AlphaGo plays,” he says, “which makes it very difficult for us to just even sort of get into the game.” https://www.wired.co.uk/article/google-deepmind-atari
DeepMind's AI is an Atari gaming pro now
"Ours learns from the ground up. We give it a perceptual experience and it learns from that directly. It learns and adapts from unexpected things, and programme designers don't have to know the solution themselves." "The interesting and cool thing about AI tech is that it can actually teach you, as the creator, something new. I can't think of many other technologies that can do that."

https://www.techrepublic.com/article/google-deepmind-founder-demis-hassabis-three-truths-about-ai/
Google DeepMind founder Demis Hassabis: Three truths about AI
'Can we build out from our perception, using deep-learning systems and learning from first principles? Can we build out all the way to high-level thinking and symbolic thinking?'. In order to do that we need to crack problems like learning concepts, things that humans find effortless but our current learning systems can't do."

https://www.porttechnology.org/news/googles_ai_becomes_worlds_best_chess_player
Google’s AI Becomes World’s Best Chess Player
"If [AlphaZero] can be applied to other structured problems, such as protein folding, reducing energy consumption, or searching for revolutionary new materials, the resulting breakthroughs have the potential to drive forward human understanding and positively impact all of our lives. "https://venturebeat.com/2018/06/10/physicist-max-tegmark-on-the-promise-and-pitfalls-of-artificial-intelligence/
Physicist Max Tegmark on the promise and pitfalls of artificial intelligence



Images


Google DeepMind


Internal War at Google over Military Artificial Intelligence
http://www.fablabconnect.com/internal-war-at-google-over-military-artificial-intelligence/

UNMASKING BIAShttps://medium.com/mit-media-lab/the-algorithmic-justice-league-3cc4131c5148
DeepMind 
https://www.porttechnology.org/news/googles_ai_becomes_worlds_best_chess_player 


Space Invaders 

AlphaGo (2017)

Lee Sedol
Demis Hassabis

Artificial Intelligence is greater concern than climate change or terrorism, says new head of British Science Association  https://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/2018/09/05/artificial-intelligence-greater-concern-climate-change-terrorism/
 https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2018/4/27/17263128/captain-america-avengers-infinity-war-bioengineering-technology https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2018/4/27/17263128/captain-america-avengers-infinity-war-bioengineering-technology

Essay Chapter 3 
Quotes

BEYOND MAD?: THE RACE FOR ARTIFICIAL GENERAL INTELLIGENCE
‘If the state in question is less interested in achieving better global
coordination or more interested in exercising disproportionate influence globally, the AGI(Artificial General Intelligence) would provide such a state actor with a potentially incalculable advantage.
    If there is no commensurate development on the global coordination problem which renders the balance of power stable, this scenario would lead to catastrophe.’

An Open Letter - Research Priorities for Robust and Beneficial Artificial Intelligence (Signed by Stephen Hawking)
‘We recommend expanded research aimed at ensuring that increasingly capable AI systems are robust and beneficial: our AI systems must do what we want them to do.’
'A white mask worked better': why algorithms are not colour blind
‘Let’s say you’re using systems that have been trained on lighter faces but the people most impacted by the use of this system have darker faces, is it fair to use that system on this specific population?’
Dehumanization of Warfare: Legal Implications of New Weapon Technologies
‘Unmanned systems, especially autonomous weapon systems, and cyber operations have in common that the human and its control are getting reduced and/or even removed out of more and more actions and decision-making processes.’
Frontier AI: How far are we from artificial “general” intelligence, really?
‘AI is getting vastly more powerful, and will get even more so as it runs on ever more powerful computers, which raises legitimate concerns about what would happen if its power was left in the wrong hands (whether human or artificial)’

Google DeepMind founder Demis Hassabis: Three truths about AI
"Either we need an exponential improvement in human behavior — less selfishness, less short-termism, more collaboration, more generosity — or we need an exponential improvement in technology.
"If you look at current geopolitics, I don't think we're going to be getting an exponential improvement in human behavior any time soon.
    "That's why we need a quantum leap in technology like AI."
How Frightened Should We Be of A.I.?
“Without technology, our human extinction is imminent in the cosmic context of tens of billions of years, rendering the entire drama of life in our Universe merely a brief and transient flash of beauty.”
By 2013, China was already producing more research papers than the United States in the area of “deep learning,” the main technology driving the rise of A.I., according to the Obama reports.
The Trump administration’s budget for 2018 aims to cut science and technology research funding across the government by 15 percent, according to a report from the American Association for the Advancement of Science. “They are headed in precisely the wrong direction,”. “That is particularly concerning given that China has identified this as a strategic priority.”
Stephen Hawking warns that AI, ‘superhumans’ could wipe humanity in posthumous book
"While primitive forms of artificial intelligence developed so far have proved very useful, I fear the consequences of creating something that can match or surpass humans," "Humans, who are limited by slow biological evolution, couldn’t compete and would be superseded."
Artificial Intelligence: Better Than Human?
“The human species, along with the computational technology it created, . . . will be in a position to change the nature of mortality in a postbiological future.” Images
Bruno Mangyoku

When and how should robots reject human commands for our own sake?
http://www.dazeddigital.com/artsandculture/gallery/5976/0/the-art-of-artificial-intelligence
As a major A.I retrospective gets published, conceptual artist Chris Baker talks about working with Stanley Kubrick and Steven Spielberg on the film





Illustration by Harry Campbell



Patryk Hardziej new scientist



Harriet Lee-Merrion new scientist



The 10 most expensive film posters - in pictures 








As China Marches Forward on A.I., the White House Is Silent
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/12/technology/china-trump-artificial-intelligence.html?action=click&module=RelatedCoverage&pgtype=Article&region=Footer



Blade Runner 2049 misses rise of creative artificial intelligence
http://theconversation.com/blade-runner-2049-misses-rise-of-creative-artificial-intelligence-79821

Was 2015's Ex Machina truly a step forward in the presentation of artificial intelligence?
https://futurism.media/the-problem-with-hollywood-s-a-i
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